油管油压信号的载荷识别

在高速柴油发动机喷油系统性能检测中,一般以燃油压力信号作为喷油系统性能检测参量。通过对油压波形进行分析来判断喷油系统的工作状况,阐述了采用载荷识别技术识别油压信号的频谱特性,进而得到其时域波形的理论与方法,并在模拟试验中获得了识别结果。     

What is the global landpower network and what value might it provide?

US national security guidance, as well as the US Army’s operational experiences since 2001, emphasizes the importance of working closely with partner countries to achieve US strategic objectives. The US Army has introduced the global landpower network (GLN) concept as a means to integrate, sustain and advance the Army’s considerable ongoing efforts to meet US national security guidance. This study develops the GLN concept further, and addresses three questions. What benefits can the GLN provide the Army? What are the essential components of the GLN? What options exist for implementing the GLN concept? By developing the GLN concept, the Army has the opportunity to transition the GLN from an often ad hoc and reactive set of relationships to one that the Army more self-consciously prioritizes and leverages as a resource to meet US strategic objectives.     

Security sector reform in Africa: Donor approaches versus local needs

Many African states have security sector reform (SSR) programs. These are often internationally funded. But how do such programs account for previously existing security institutions and the security needs of local communities? This article examines SSR all over Africa to assess local ownership and path dependency from a New Institutionalist perspective. It finds that SSR, particularly in post-conflict countries, tends to be driven by ideas and perceptions of international donors promoting generalized blueprints. Often, such programs only account in a very limited way for path-dependent aspects of security institutions or the local context. Hence, the reforms often lack local participation and are thus not accepted by the local community eventually.     

基于响应面与遗传算法的柴油机喷射参数优化

为解决燃油喷射系统参数优化中高效寻求全局最优解问题,综合响应面设计和遗传算法的优点和不足,采用多项式响应面模型代替原始遗传算法中计算量庞大的目标特性分析模型,建立了多项式响应面模型和遗传算法相结合的参数优化方法。结合非线性规划的凸性分析证明了遗传算法在预定优化区间内全局最优解的唯一性。对优化匹配后的喷射参数进行了模拟计算,结果表明:优化后柴油机油耗降低了1.96g/(kW·h),功率上升了0.99%,排气温度降低了21.86℃。表明该方法具有简单可靠、优化效率高等特点。     

PDSC评定柴油氧化安定性

为研究一种操作简便、检测快速的柴油氧化安定性评定方法,采用高压差示扫描量热法(PDSC)对柴油氧化安定性进行评定,通过单因素变量法分析了升温速率、恒容氧压、试样量对柴油氧化安定性的影响,确定了3种因素水平分别为8~12℃/min,2.5~4.5 MPa,2.5~3.5 mg。通过正交试验法得出升温速率对柴油氧化安定性的影响最大,恒容氧压的影响最小。方差分析表明在升温速率为8℃/min,恒容氧压为3.5 MPa,试样量为3.0 mg时,试验方法的区分性最佳。在该试验条件下,考察了5种油样的重复性,结果表明PDSC法的重复性满足标准要求。     

轻柴油的氧化及其与组成的关系

考察了按照不饱和烃含量不同而芳香烃含量近似、芳香烃含量不同而不饱和烃含量近似的要求配制的3个系列27个0号轻柴油油样在95℃强化氧化条件下实际胶质质量浓度的变化规律。探讨了实际胶质的变化与不饱和烃和芳香烃含量之间的关系。结果表明:在95℃强化氧化条件下,0号轻柴油的实际胶质随氧化时间呈直线变化;0号轻柴油中不饱和烃是引起实际胶质变化的主要因素,在其他组成相近时,实际胶质变化率随不饱和烃含量增加呈二次曲线关系增大;0号轻柴油中的芳香烃对实际胶质变化有一定的影响,但是规律尚不明确。     

A generic model of motor‐carrier fuel optimization

Fuel optimizers are decision models (software products) that are increasingly recognized as effective fuel management tools by U.S. truckload carriers. Using the latest price data of every truck stop, these models calculate the optimal fueling schedule for each route that indicates: (i) which truck stop(s) to use, and (ii) how much fuel to buy at the chosen truck stop(s) to minimize the refueling cost. In the current form, however, these models minimize only the fuel cost, and ignore or underestimate other costs that are affected by the models' decision variables. On the basis of the interviews with carrier managers, truck drivers, and fuel‐optimizer vendors, this article proposes a comprehensive model of motor‐carrier fuel optimization that considers all of the costs that are affected by the model's decision variables. Simulation results imply that the proposed model not only attains lower vehicle operating costs than the commercial fuel optimizers, but also gives solutions that are more desirable from the drivers' viewpoint. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

均匀设计在柴油无灰节能降污添加剂配方研制中的应用

基于低压氧弹燃烧法研究了充氧压力分别为0．6MPa和0．9MPa时两种无灰型柴油添加剂不同配比对助燃性能的影响。采用均匀实验设计和Matlab回归优化的方法，得到复配体系的最优配方，并对其进行了验证。结果表明，由Matlab回归分析得到的完全二次回归模型最理想，0．6MPa时由该模型得到的最优配方为：添加剂A和B的质量分数分别是0．300‰和0．700‰，并通过实验验证得到的发热量达到最大，变化率为8．697％。0．9MPa时，结合直观分析和回归分析，得到与实际相符的最优配方：添加剂A和B的质量分数分别是0．600‰和0．900‰，此时发热量皮化率为4．453％。     

靴形喷油速率耦合预喷射对超高压共轨柴油机性能的影响

在介绍超高压共轨系统工作原理的基础上,基于GT-Power软件建立单缸超高压共轨柴油机的仿真模型,并利用试验验证模型的准确性,而后通过模型分析不同喷油速率、靴形喷油速率耦合不同预喷油量和靴形喷油速率耦合不同预喷提前角对超高压共轨柴油机动力性、经济性以及燃烧排放特性的影响。结果表明:通过调整超高压共轨系统中电控增压器电磁阀和喷油器电磁阀的开启时间,能够实现喷油速率的柔性可调。随着喷油速率从矩形变化到靴形,柴油机缸内压力、温度以及NO_x排放量均逐渐降低,而soot排放量逐渐升高,且靴形喷油速率可使柴油机获得最大的功率(扭矩)和最低的油耗率。靴形喷油速率耦合较小的预喷油量可以使柴油机获得更好的动力性、经济性和燃烧特性,但同时也会导致NO_x排放量的升高。靴形喷油速率耦合较大的预喷提前角有助于改善柴油机排放特性,但受到预喷油量的限制,效果并不明显。     

计算机控制发动机喷油量的分析

分析了在计算机控制下的喷油量调控原理,阐述了基本喷油量、校正喷油量、开环控制喷油量和最终闭环喷油量的数学模型.